*  IA :intra-articular    IM:intramuscular injection    IT:intrathecal    IV:intravenous inject
                IVF:intravenous infusion    SC:subcutaneous injection

           **  D:dextrose solution    D5W: 5% dextrose in water    D10W: 10%dextrose in water
                D20W: 20%dextrose in water    NS: Normal saline    LR: Lactated Ringer    R: Ringer    
                W: sterile water for injection

          Reference:
          1. 藥品仿單(Package inserts from manufacturers)
          2. Trissel LA ed. Handbook on injectable drugs 17th ed. 2013
          3. AHFS drug information. Bethesda: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. 2012
          4. Micromedex.
          5. Drugs: Facts and comparisons 2013
          6. Drug information handbook 21st ed. 2012-2013